BIT stands for Binary Digits. To understand it, lets first understand how decimal number works. Decimal numbers are combination of few digits. A digit is a single place that can hold numerical values between 0 and 9.
For example in the four digit number 3427, 7 fills the "1s place", while 2 fills the "10s place", 4 fills the "100s place and 3 fills the "1000s place". So we can express the number 3427 as :
(3*1000)+(4*100)+(2*10)+(7*1)=3000+400+20+1=3427
We can also express it in the powers of 10 as
(3*10^3)+(4*10^2)+(2*10^1)+(7*10^0)=3000+400+20+1=3427:
Decimal number are therefore " base-10 number systems".
Computer operates on "base-2 number system" and it is also known as "binary number system" as it has only two possible values "0 and 1" unlike decimal numbers having values "0 till 9". Each is called as bits.
For the 1110 binary number we can find the corresponding decimal number in the way we did for 3427 as:
(1*2^3)+(1*2^2)+(1*2^1)+(0*2^0)=8+4+2+0=14.
Starting at zero and going through 20, counting in decimal and binary looks like this:
0 = 0
1 = 1
2 = 10
3 = 11
4 = 100
5 = 101
6 = 110
7 = 111
8 = 1000
9 = 1001
10 = 1010
11 = 1011
12 = 1100
13 = 1101
14 = 1110
15 = 1111
Now what is BYTE? Well, it is just a collection of 8 bits. We can simply say 8 bits makes 1 byte like 12 eggs makes one dozen of eggs. With 8 bits in a byte, you can represent 256 values ranging from 0 to 255, as shown below:
0 = 00000000
1 = 00000001
2 = 00000010
3 = 00000011
...
254 = 11111110
255 = 11111111
Bytes are frequently used to hold individual characters in a text document. In the ASCII character set, each binary value between 0 and 127 is given a specific character. Most computers extend the ASCII character set to use the full range of 256 characters available in a byte.
Computers store text documents, both on diskand in memory, using these codes. For example, if you use Notepad in windows and create a text file containing the words, "My name is John" Notepad would use 1 byte of memory per character (including 1 byte for each space character between the words).
Try this: Open a notepad and type "My name is John" without codes and save the notepad as try.txt. Now check the file size. It will be 15 bytes.
If you were to look at the file as a computer looks at it, you would find that each byte contains not a letter but a number --the number is the ASCII code corresponding to the character. So on disk, the numbers for the file try.txt look like this:
M y n a m e i s J o h n.
77 121 32 110 97 109 101 32 105 115 32 74 111 104 110
Standard ASCII Character Set are as follows:
0 NUL
1 SOH
2 STX
3 ETX
4 EOT
5 ENQ
6 ACK
7 BEL
8 BS
9 TAB
10 LF
11 VT
12 FF
13 CR
14 SO
15 SI
16 DLE
17 DC1
18 DC2
19 DC3
20 DC4
21 NAK
22 SYN
23 ETB
24 CAN
25 EM
26 SUB
27 ESC
28 FS
29 GS
30 RS
31 US
32
33 !
34 "
35 #
36 $
37 %
38 &
39 '
40 (
41 )
42 *
43 +
44 ,
45 -
46 .
47 /
48 0
49 1
50 2
51 3
52 4
53 5
54 6
55 7
56 8
57 9
58 :
59 ;
60 <
61 =
62 >
63 ?
64 @
65 A
66 B
67 C
68 D
69 E
70 F
71 G
72 H
73 I
74 J
75 K
76 L
77 M
78 N
79 O
80 P
81 Q
82 R
83 S
84 T
85 U
86 V
87 W
88 X
89 Y
90 Z
91 [
92 \
93 ]
94 ^
95 _
96 `
97 a
98 b
99 c
100 d
101 e
102 f
103 g
104 h
105 i
106 j
107 k
108 l
109 m
110 n
111 o
112 p
113 q
114 r
115 s
116 t
117 u
118 v
119 w
120 x
121 y
122 z
123 {
124 |
125 }
126 ~
127 DEL
Like any other units, bytes can also be expressed as kilo bytes, mega bytes as shown below.
Kilo Bytes expressed as KB is equal to 2^10 = 1,024 bytes.
Mega Bytes expressed as MB is equal to 2^20 = 1,048,576 bytes.
Giga Bytes expressed as GB is equal to 2^30 = 1,073,741,824 bytes.
Tera Bytes expressed as TB is equal to 2^40 = 1,099,511,627,776 bytes.
Peta Bytes expressed as PB is equal to 2^50 = 1,125,899,906,842,624 bytes.
Exa Bytes expressed as EB is equal to 2^60 = 1,152,921,504,606,846,976 bytes
Zetta Bytes expressed as ZB is equal to 2^70 = 1,180,591,620,717,411,303,424 bytes
Yotta Bytes expressed as YB is equal to 2^80 = 1,208,925,819,614,629,174,706,176 bytes
For example in the four digit number 3427, 7 fills the "1s place", while 2 fills the "10s place", 4 fills the "100s place and 3 fills the "1000s place". So we can express the number 3427 as :
(3*1000)+(4*100)+(2*10)+(7*1)=3000+400+20+1=3427
We can also express it in the powers of 10 as
(3*10^3)+(4*10^2)+(2*10^1)+(7*10^0)=3000+400+20+1=3427:
Decimal number are therefore " base-10 number systems".
Computer operates on "base-2 number system" and it is also known as "binary number system" as it has only two possible values "0 and 1" unlike decimal numbers having values "0 till 9". Each is called as bits.
For the 1110 binary number we can find the corresponding decimal number in the way we did for 3427 as:
(1*2^3)+(1*2^2)+(1*2^1)+(0*2^0)=8+4+2+0=14.
Starting at zero and going through 20, counting in decimal and binary looks like this:
0 = 0
1 = 1
2 = 10
3 = 11
4 = 100
5 = 101
6 = 110
7 = 111
8 = 1000
9 = 1001
10 = 1010
11 = 1011
12 = 1100
13 = 1101
14 = 1110
15 = 1111
Now what is BYTE? Well, it is just a collection of 8 bits. We can simply say 8 bits makes 1 byte like 12 eggs makes one dozen of eggs. With 8 bits in a byte, you can represent 256 values ranging from 0 to 255, as shown below:
0 = 00000000
1 = 00000001
2 = 00000010
3 = 00000011
...
254 = 11111110
255 = 11111111
Bytes are frequently used to hold individual characters in a text document. In the ASCII character set, each binary value between 0 and 127 is given a specific character. Most computers extend the ASCII character set to use the full range of 256 characters available in a byte.
Computers store text documents, both on diskand in memory, using these codes. For example, if you use Notepad in windows and create a text file containing the words, "My name is John" Notepad would use 1 byte of memory per character (including 1 byte for each space character between the words).
Try this: Open a notepad and type "My name is John" without codes and save the notepad as try.txt. Now check the file size. It will be 15 bytes.
If you were to look at the file as a computer looks at it, you would find that each byte contains not a letter but a number --the number is the ASCII code corresponding to the character. So on disk, the numbers for the file try.txt look like this:
M y n a m e i s J o h n.
77 121 32 110 97 109 101 32 105 115 32 74 111 104 110
Standard ASCII Character Set are as follows:
0 NUL
1 SOH
2 STX
3 ETX
4 EOT
5 ENQ
6 ACK
7 BEL
8 BS
9 TAB
10 LF
11 VT
12 FF
13 CR
14 SO
15 SI
16 DLE
17 DC1
18 DC2
19 DC3
20 DC4
21 NAK
22 SYN
23 ETB
24 CAN
25 EM
26 SUB
27 ESC
28 FS
29 GS
30 RS
31 US
32
33 !
34 "
35 #
36 $
37 %
38 &
39 '
40 (
41 )
42 *
43 +
44 ,
45 -
46 .
47 /
48 0
49 1
50 2
51 3
52 4
53 5
54 6
55 7
56 8
57 9
58 :
59 ;
60 <
61 =
62 >
63 ?
64 @
65 A
66 B
67 C
68 D
69 E
70 F
71 G
72 H
73 I
74 J
75 K
76 L
77 M
78 N
79 O
80 P
81 Q
82 R
83 S
84 T
85 U
86 V
87 W
88 X
89 Y
90 Z
91 [
92 \
93 ]
94 ^
95 _
96 `
97 a
98 b
99 c
100 d
101 e
102 f
103 g
104 h
105 i
106 j
107 k
108 l
109 m
110 n
111 o
112 p
113 q
114 r
115 s
116 t
117 u
118 v
119 w
120 x
121 y
122 z
123 {
124 |
125 }
126 ~
127 DEL
Like any other units, bytes can also be expressed as kilo bytes, mega bytes as shown below.
Kilo Bytes expressed as KB is equal to 2^10 = 1,024 bytes.
Mega Bytes expressed as MB is equal to 2^20 = 1,048,576 bytes.
Giga Bytes expressed as GB is equal to 2^30 = 1,073,741,824 bytes.
Tera Bytes expressed as TB is equal to 2^40 = 1,099,511,627,776 bytes.
Peta Bytes expressed as PB is equal to 2^50 = 1,125,899,906,842,624 bytes.
Exa Bytes expressed as EB is equal to 2^60 = 1,152,921,504,606,846,976 bytes
Zetta Bytes expressed as ZB is equal to 2^70 = 1,180,591,620,717,411,303,424 bytes
Yotta Bytes expressed as YB is equal to 2^80 = 1,208,925,819,614,629,174,706,176 bytes
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